Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States have developed insect-sized robots capable of extended flight, paving the way for their use in mechanical pollination of crops.

These innovations aim to assist farmers in multi-level farms, enhancing productivity while reducing the environmental impact of traditional agriculture.

The results of the researchers' studies were published on Wednesday in the Science Robotics.

Pollination is crucial for fruit and vegetable production, traditionally dependent on natural insects like bees. However, environmental changes and pesticide use have led to a significant decline in bee populations, highlighting the need for innovative solutions.

The research team indicated that flying robots could serve as a promising alternative, accurately and quickly replicating the functions of bees in pollinating plants. This is made possible by advanced technologies, including flexible wings and artificial engines, allowing the robots to perform complex maneuvers and maintain long flight durations.

The new robot weighs less than a paperclip and can fly for 17 minutes—a record 100 times greater than previous designs. It can reach speeds of up to 35 cm/second and perform aerial maneuvers such as double rotations in mid-air.

The robot consists of four units with independent wings, improving lift and reducing mechanical stress while providing space to add batteries and small sensors in the future, enhancing its capabilities for outdoor use.

The researchers noted that the artificial muscles driving the robot's wings are made from flexible materials supported by carbon nanotubes, increasing efficiency. A long wing joint has been developed to reduce stress during movement, utilizing a precise manufacturing technique based on laser cutting.

The team emphasized that these robots represent a significant advancement toward compensating for the shortage of natural pollinators like bees, particularly due to their global decline.

The researchers aspire to improve the robots' accuracy so they can land on flowers and collect nectar. They are also working on developing batteries and sensors to enable the robots to operate effectively in outdoor environments. Additionally, efforts are underway to extend the robots' flight time to over two and a half hours, enhancing their potential for agricultural applications and promoting sustainable farming practices.